Thomas Insel, M.D. was, at one time, the chief of the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH). He was in charge of a $20 billion budget and after 10 years
as chief there he realized that the NIMH had not accomplished anything as far as outcomes. He learned that the medical approach to mental illness introduces too many restrictions and restraints to deal effectively with patients.
His recent book, Healing: Our Path from Mental Illness to Mental Health (2022) is lucid and important.
If interested, you can see my notes at Healing, by Thomas Insel. If you can't open the link, please write to me and I'll send an invitation to read them.